sshkeylogin
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### 1. 制作密钥对
首先在服务器上制作密钥对。首先用密码登录到你打算使用密钥登录的账户,然后执行以下命令:
```
[root@host ~]$ ssh-keygen <== 建立密钥对
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): <== 按 Enter
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): <== 输入密钥锁码,或直接按 Enter 留空
Enter same passphrase again: <== 再输入一遍密钥锁码
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. <== 私钥
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. <== 公钥
The key fingerprint is:
0f:d3:e7:1a:1c:bd:5c:03:f1:19:f1:22:df:9b:cc:08 root@host
```
密钥锁码在使用私钥时必须输入,这样就可以保护私钥不被盗用。当然,也可以留空,实现无密码登录。
现在,在 root 用户的家目录中生成了一个 .ssh 的隐藏目录,内含两个密钥文件。id\_rsa 为私钥,id\_rsa.pub 为公钥。
### 2. 在服务器上安装公钥
键入以下命令,在服务器上安装公钥:
```
[root@host ~]$ cd .ssh
[root@host .ssh]$ cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
```
如此便完成了公钥的安装。为了确保连接成功,请保证以下文件权限正确:
```
[root@host .ssh]$ chmod 600 authorized_keys
[root@host .ssh]$ chmod 700 ~/.ssh
```
### 3. 设置 SSH,打开密钥登录功能
编辑 /etc/ssh/sshd\_config 文件,进行如下设置:
```
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
```
另外,请留意 root 用户能否通过 SSH 登录:
```
PermitRootLogin yes
```
当你完成全部设置,并以密钥方式登录成功后,再禁用密码登录:
```
PasswordAuthentication no
```
最后,重启 SSH 服务:
```
[root@host .ssh]$ service sshd restart
```
### 4. 下载私钥到本地后注意权限问题
```
[user@local .ssh]$ chmod 400 id_rsa
```
### 5. 指定密钥连接服务器
```
[user@local .ssh]$ ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa root@host
```
| 1 | ### 1. 制作密钥对 |
| 2 | |
| 3 | 首先在服务器上制作密钥对。首先用密码登录到你打算使用密钥登录的账户,然后执行以下命令: |
| 4 | |
| 5 | ``` |
| 6 | [root@host ~]$ ssh-keygen <== 建立密钥对 |
| 7 | Generating public/private rsa key pair. |
| 8 | Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): <== 按 Enter |
| 9 | Created directory '/root/.ssh'. |
| 10 | Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): <== 输入密钥锁码,或直接按 Enter 留空 |
| 11 | Enter same passphrase again: <== 再输入一遍密钥锁码 |
| 12 | Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. <== 私钥 |
| 13 | Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. <== 公钥 |
| 14 | The key fingerprint is: |
| 15 | 0f:d3:e7:1a:1c:bd:5c:03:f1:19:f1:22:df:9b:cc:08 root@host |
| 16 | ``` |
| 17 | |
| 18 | 密钥锁码在使用私钥时必须输入,这样就可以保护私钥不被盗用。当然,也可以留空,实现无密码登录。 |
| 19 | |
| 20 | 现在,在 root 用户的家目录中生成了一个 .ssh 的隐藏目录,内含两个密钥文件。id\_rsa 为私钥,id\_rsa.pub 为公钥。 |
| 21 | |
| 22 | ### 2. 在服务器上安装公钥 |
| 23 | |
| 24 | 键入以下命令,在服务器上安装公钥: |
| 25 | |
| 26 | ``` |
| 27 | [root@host ~]$ cd .ssh |
| 28 | [root@host .ssh]$ cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys |
| 29 | ``` |
| 30 | |
| 31 | 如此便完成了公钥的安装。为了确保连接成功,请保证以下文件权限正确: |
| 32 | |
| 33 | ``` |
| 34 | [root@host .ssh]$ chmod 600 authorized_keys |
| 35 | [root@host .ssh]$ chmod 700 ~/.ssh |
| 36 | ``` |
| 37 | |
| 38 | ### 3. 设置 SSH,打开密钥登录功能 |
| 39 | |
| 40 | 编辑 /etc/ssh/sshd\_config 文件,进行如下设置: |
| 41 | |
| 42 | ``` |
| 43 | RSAAuthentication yes |
| 44 | PubkeyAuthentication yes |
| 45 | ``` |
| 46 | |
| 47 | 另外,请留意 root 用户能否通过 SSH 登录: |
| 48 | |
| 49 | ``` |
| 50 | PermitRootLogin yes |
| 51 | ``` |
| 52 | |
| 53 | 当你完成全部设置,并以密钥方式登录成功后,再禁用密码登录: |
| 54 | |
| 55 | ``` |
| 56 | PasswordAuthentication no |
| 57 | ``` |
| 58 | |
| 59 | 最后,重启 SSH 服务: |
| 60 | |
| 61 | ``` |
| 62 | [root@host .ssh]$ service sshd restart |
| 63 | ``` |
| 64 | |
| 65 | ### 4. 下载私钥到本地后注意权限问题 |
| 66 | |
| 67 | ``` |
| 68 | [user@local .ssh]$ chmod 400 id_rsa |
| 69 | ``` |
| 70 | |
| 71 | ### 5. 指定密钥连接服务器 |
| 72 | |
| 73 | ``` |
| 74 | [user@local .ssh]$ ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa root@host |
| 75 | ``` |